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The theory of evolution and the belief in a Creator have long been considered separate and mutually exclusive realms of human thought . Strict interpretations by scientists of Darwin’s theory of species adaptation through natural selection must inherently run contrary to equally strict interpretations of Genesis I. This is t

According to USFDA, a combination product is one composed of any combination of a drug and device; biological product and device; drug and biological product

rue because of the profound discrepancies that exist between the two explanations of human origin.

The most notable of these discrepancies are the belief in the fixity of species and, more importantly in terms of this debate, the age of the earth. The belief in a relatively young earth, created in approximately 4004 B.C.

; or drug, device, and biological product and fixed dose combination would include two or more combinations of drug.

Examples of combination products may in

Jurmain, Nelson, Kilgore, Trevathan; Essentials of Physical Anthropology; p.25), cannot coexist in any logical manner with an evolutionary theory whose foundation rests upon the presumption of an earth billions, not thousands, of years old. Extremists in both camps have compiled a history of inflammatory remarks that have

lude drug-coated devices, drugs packaged with delivery devices in medical kits, and drugs and devices packaged separately but intended to be used together.

ed many to the conclusion that broad acceptance of the theory of evolution is tantamount to eliminating God, and hence, morality, the soul, and the essence of what it is to be human.

Fortunately a new debate has begun, as old assumptions about evolution, especially macroevolution, and the literal interpretation of the Bible

here is enormous increase in the number of combination products entering the market in the recent years. Combination products have proven advantages but fixe

have begun to be challenged. Religious scientists have recently begun to develop explanations based on modern interpretations of Genesis which allow for the coexistence of God and evolutionary theory. Loren Haarsma, a neuroscience researcher at Tufts University, in a January ‘96 article in The World & I, highlights one su

d dose combinations are still in the process of convincing regulatory authority on their advantages over the single ingredient formulations.

Combination pro

h group. Dubbed “progressive creationists” (Haarsma; Why believe in a creator?: Perspectives on Evolution; p.5), these scientists find flaws with the common practice of pairing the widely accepted and empirically supported microevolutionary theory with the much broader and less empirical theory of macroevolution.

Microevo

ucts have become life saving products for the pharmaceutical companies who doesn’t have many innovative molecules in their product pipeline and have been inc

lution can be studied in laboratories and in nature over time, and its focus is on the mutations that occur in individual species due to environmental changes and natural selection. According to Haarsma, there is little debate over microevolutionary principals, even among strict creationist fundamentalists, because of the

easingly used in the product life cycle management. Even the companies having product patents are trying to extend their product life cycle through the combi

ast amount of empirical evidence available (Haarsma; Why believe in a creator?: Perspectives on Evolution; p.1). In the case of macroevolution, however, the same environmental and selective forces, which are observed in individual species in mostly small but measurable ways, are applied to all living and extinct species.

nation products and maximize the revenues. But the companies involved in this practice are overlooking that they are burdening the patients both economically

he problem with macroevolution, progressive creationists contend, is that no one has yet to even hypothesize how the complex adaptation of a species is possible through the incremental mutation observed in, for example, Darwin’s famous Galapagos finches . Lending to the problems with macroevolution as stated by Darwin is t

and physically. They need to rightly judge the benefits of the combination products and they have to even look at the risks involved when combining the produ

e presumption that evolutionary change by natural selection and environmental factors would be gradual and thus apparent in the fossil record of the earth. Analysis of the fossil record does not suggest a gradual change in species, argue progressive creationists and other skeptical scientists. Fossils indicate instead that

ts. Some of the combination products were well accepted by physicians while others suffered. Companies involved in development of combination products are fi

there were long periods of little or no change followed by violent and extreme mutations in species (Jurmain, Nelson, Kilgore, Trevathan; Essentials of Physical Anthropology; p.217).

One explanation of this phenomenon is a model of evolutionary change termed punctuated equilibrium (Jurmain, Nelson, Kilgore, Trevathan; Essen

ding difficulty in defining their combination products and facing various challenges from selecting a combination to marketing it.

Following aspects would a

tials of Physical Anthropology; p.217). Another model, postulated by progressive creationists, predicts the sudden appearance of new species and long periods of little or no change in the fossil record due to intervention by the Creator. Scientists have since adapted Darwin’s original theory to allow for periods of rapid c

dd to the challenges in developing combination products:

Which markets to tap where the combination products can do fairly well?
Which combination prod

ange due to extreme environmental factors , but all the aforementioned hypothesis share one commonality: none can be proven or disproved adequately. While most of the scientific community still support a close connection between microevolution and macroevolution, for the first time since before Darwin published Origin of t

cts are meaningful and rational?
Which therapeutic categories to select?
Which Combinations can address unmet needs of the patients?
Do combin

e Species creationists can say they are on a nearly equal footing scientifically with other theorists of human origin.

Other creationist factions such as young-earth creationists and evolutionary creationists argue opposite ends of the creationist spectrum (progressive creationists fall somewhere in between) and are repre

tions increase the patient compliance?
What would be the developing cost?
How to tackle the risks encountered during combination product developmen

ented in the scientific community as well (Haarsma; Why believe in a creator?: Perspectives on Evolution; p. 4). Indeed, physical anthropologists are no longer easily labeled. In a 1997 study published in Nature and conducted by Edward Larson of the University of Georgia, Athens, 40% of physicists and biologists were found

t?

As combination products don't fit into the traditional categories of drugs, medical devices, or biological products, the USFDA is in the process of devel

o hold strong spiritual beliefs (Easterbrook; Science and God: A Warming Trend?; p.2), further dismantling the long held generalization that those in the physical sciences are either anti-religious atheists or agnostics. Gregg Easterbrook, in an August 1997 article in Science, proposes that the current dialogue between sci

ping new procedures for reviewing their safety, efficacy and quality.

Professional from academic institutions, pharmaceutical industries, health care indust

ence and God is fostered by the difficult ethical questions raised by discoveries such as cloning, as well as pragmatic considerations.

Mainstream faith must, in Easterbrook’s opinion, show that it can accommodate evolutionary theory to continue to attract increasingly well educated advocates (Easterbrook; Science and God

y and representatives from various regulatory agencies are working out to design the regulatory requirements for manufacture and sale of combination products

A Warming Trend?; p.2). Meanwhile, Easterbrook argues, scientists must be sensitive to the fact that American’s lack of proficiency in science is due primarily to the assumption held by students that science will attempt to destroy their religious beliefs (Easterbrook; Science and God: A Warming Trend?; p.2).

Whether or

.

As there is an increasing trend of the combination products companies manufacturing such products should be able to tackle the problems involved in the de

ot the two sides ever come to agreement on the origin of our species, one cannot help but be relieved that the quandary of choosing between a world where the soul is sacrificed for enlightenment or a world of ignorant bliss has proved to be a false dilemma. One of the founding principals of science is that uncertainty is t

elopment. They need to be wiser in analyzing the market trends and the regulatory requirements.

Companies that provide selfless information through particip

e only certainty; and given that, there will always be a place in the intellectual realm for a Creator. Indeed, one may not be able to reason oneself to faith, theologians would say it impossible, but given the modern dialogue between religious and non-religious scientists, reason no longer stands in the way as it once did

tion in industry events and feedback to regulatory authorities would be able to face the challenges and will be successful in developing combination products

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